# # # Please participate in the R&SS Client Feedback Survey. # https://unt.az1.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_diLLVU9iuJZN8C9 # # ###### Generation of simulated data ###### # # Simulated data is often very useful for exploring how models change # based on the relationships among the variables and whether certain # variables should be included in the model(s) or not. # The following data includes several types of variables with several # types/shapes of distributions. # The 'car' package/library contains the 'recode' function. library(car) n <- 1000 id <- seq(1:n) sex <- seq(1:2) sex <- sample(sex, n, replace = TRUE) sex <- recode(sex, "1 = 'Female'; 2 = 'Male'") class.level <- seq(1:4) class.level <- sample(class.level, n, replace = TRUE) class.level <- ordered(class.level, levels = c(1,2,3,4), labels = c("Freshman", "Sophomore", "Junior", "Senior")) age <- c(18:25) age <- sample(age, n, replace = TRUE) income <- rbeta(n, 3, 18) income <- income * 200000 detach("package:car") detach("package:survival") detach("package:splines") detach("package:nnet") # Using the 'MASS' library to generate some multivariate normal, correlated # variables; each with a mean of 100. Sigma<-matrix(c(1.0, .80, .50, .20, .80, 1.0, .05, .05, .50, .05, 1.0, .05, .20, .05, .05, 1.0), ncol = 4) x <- mvrnorm(n, Sigma, mu=c(100,100,100,100)) detach("package:MASS") x4 <- rnorm(n, 100) x5 <- rexp(n, 4) + 100 hist(x5, col = "lightgreen", prob = TRUE) lines(density(x5), col = "blue") x6 <- seq(-10, 10, length.out = n) x6 <- plogis(x6, location = 0, scale = 1) plot(x6) # Using package 'arm' to create a logistic regression model; accurately # simulate the binomial outcome variable (y2). library(arm) x7 <- rnorm(n) x8 <- rbinom(n, 1, 0.50) x9 <- rexp(n, 6) b0 <- 1 b7 <- 1.5 b8 <- 2 b9 <- 0.5 y2 <- rbinom(n, 1, invlogit(b0 + b7*x7 + b8*x8 + b9*x9)) df.1 <- data.frame(id, sex, class.level, age, income, x, x4, x5, x6, y2, x7, x8, x9) names(df.1)[6] <- "y1" names(df.1)[7] <- "x1" names(df.1)[8] <- "x2" names(df.1)[9] <- "x3" head(df.1) summary(df.1) rm(n, Sigma, id, sex, class.level, age, income, x, x4, x5, x6, y2, b0, b7, b8, b9, x7, x8, x9) ls() ################################################################################ # Assessing the data below. cor(df.1[,6:12]) pairs(df.1[,6:12]) cor(df.1[,13:16]) pairs(df.1[,13:16]) library(BMA) y1.predictors <- as.matrix(df.1[,7:12]) bma.1 <- bicreg(y1.predictors, df.1$y1) summary(bma.1) detach("package:BMA") detach("package:leaps") detach("package:arm") detach("package:R2WinBUGS") detach("package:coda") detach("package:lme4") detach("package:Matrix") detach("package:lattice") detach("package:car") detach("package:nnet") detach("package:survival") detach("package:splines") rm(y1.predictors, bma.1) mod.4 <- lm(y1 ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6, df.1) summary(mod.4) mod.3 <- lm(y1 ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5, df.1) summary(mod.3) mod.2 <- lm(y1 ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4, df.1) summary(mod.2) mod.y1 <- lm(y1 ~ x1 + x2 + x3, df.1) summary(mod.y1) mod.y2 <- glm(y2 ~ x7 + x8 + x9, df.1, family = binomial(logit)) summary(mod.y2) # Standardized coefficients (Beta coefficients) regression models (lm). library(QuantPsyc) lm.beta(mod.4) lm.beta(mod.3) lm.beta(mod.2) lm.beta(mod.y1) detach("package:QuantPsyc") rm(mod.4, mod.3, mod.2) # Global test of linear model assumptions. library(gvlma) global.test <- gvlma(mod.y1) summary(global.test) plot(global.test) rm(global.test) detach("package:gvlma") # Standard regression diagnostic plots. oldpar <- par(oma=c(0,0,3,0), mfrow=c(2,2)) plot(mod.y1) par(oldpar) rm(oldpar) ls() # # Please participate in the R&SS Client Feedback Survey. # https://unt.az1.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_diLLVU9iuJZN8C9 # # END; last updated Feb. 7, 2012.